How can lithium batteries operate reliably in cold environments?

Low temperatures remain a significant challenge for lithium battery performance. 

Currently, there are two solutions: batteries using low-temperature electrolytes, though these come with substantially higher costs, and sodium-ion, solid-state, or semi-solid-state batteries—all of which are not yet mass-produced. Standard lithium batteries cannot be charged below 0°C or discharged below-15°C or-20°C. 

Our solution employs heating pads to warm the battery in cold conditions before activation. The working principle of the LFP battery heating plate: Low-temperature charging: When the charger detects that the temperature has reached our preset data (e.g., -5°C), the battery first heats the heating plate to reach our set temperature (e.g., 5°C), enabling charging in cold environments. Low-temperature discharging: When discharging below-20°C, the charger first heats the battery, then the battery temperature rises to the operational range before discharging.